Marx thought that human laborers were seen purely as objects by their employers, rather than humans. They were slaves to their employment, under conditions close to death. Meanwhile, the employers lived lives of decadence. He believed that, eventually, all the laborers of the world would rise up and destroy all political and social class systems. They would supersede all nations and form a society without any class structure at all. In other words, Communism.
The important thing to understand about Marx is that he did not describe the perfect society he imagined. He described the cause and effect sequence that would lead to it. His communism involved an eventual and complete equality of all citizens.
Modern, real world cases of Communism are derived from, but not the same as Marxism. In Marxism, there is no leader. Rather, the people run themselves and everything is equally distributed. In real world cases, there is always a head of state and party that centrally plans the policies of the entire state.
Cheers.
Read other answers by Alex Musarra on Quora:
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What's the difference between Socialism, Marxism and Communism?
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